Hollow Points vs. Full Metal Jacket Ammo
There’s kind of an unwritten rule of firearm ammunition: use hollow points for your carry/home defense guns and use full metal jacket (FMJ) for practice. This is mainly due to the fact that FMJ rounds are significantly cheaper than your average hollow point. It’s also due to the fact that, from a “put the attacker down” point of view, FMJ rounds aren’t exactly ideal.
That’s not to say that FMJ rounds are useless for defense. Far from it, in fact. Our military uses only FMJ rounds. This is due to an international treaty that was signed many (MANY) years ago that forbids the use of expanding rounds. That same treaty also bans the dropping of grenades from hot air balloons, mind you, so some of the stuff might be outdated in the grand scheme of things but that’s a conversation for our Facebook page at some point.
But I digress, the FMJ is still a bullet and will still punch a hole in your average bad guy. Stories of people “shrugging off” FMJ rounds because they “just passed right through” are rare and often exaggerated. So why do we use hollow points then?
While a full metal jacket round will still drop a bad guy, a hollow point will do it just a little bit better. That’s not to say there aren’t all kinds of misconceptions about hollow points as well. What I want to do today is talk about both rounds and touch on the misconceptions of both.
Full Metal Jacket (not the movie)
A full metal jacket round, as we talked about in our Bullet Terminology Guide, is a soft lead bullet that’s been encased in a harder metal. When passing through soft tissue and other stuff, the bullet retains the majority of its shape. The upside of this is that, in theory, it has an easier time retaining its lethality after passing through a barrier among other things. It also has an easier time working in almost any gun you put it in. The main thing, however, is that it’s just far cheaper to manufacture FMJ ammo.
So why does FMJ ammo have that “less lethal than hollow point” thing associated with it? It comes down to physics. Because the bullet is just passing through, for lack of a better term, it retains a great deal of its energy. This ultimately results in 2 small holes (entrance and exit wound) and also allows the bullet to possibly continue on for a long time and hit something you don’t want it to. Don’t get me wrong, I don’t want 2 small holes punched in me and I don’t think anyone else does either. It’s a safe bet that anyone, and I do mean anyone who says that a person could just shrug off a shot from an FMJ round (or a given caliber) would not be willing to stand downrange of said caliber and attempt to shrug it off.
That being said, what about the common alternative?
Hollow Point
Take a FMJ round, then drill a hole in the tip. Hey look, the point of the bullet is now hollow. I wonder what we could call it…. Ok, it’s a bit more involved than putting a hole in a round with a drill press but still. That hole is there to create a weakness. You know how, for the longest time, it was thought that rigid, indestructible cars were the safest? That’s why we had ¼ inch thick steel bodies with ¼ inch thick steel dashboards in family sedans and such. These days, we know that if the car falls apart when hit, the power from the wreck goes into the destruction of the wreck itself instead of going through the soft, squishy things inside the car. It’s a similar concept with the bullet. That weakness causes resistance when it hits something squishy and that resistance causes the bullet to start expanding. That expansion is the key point. Remember Newton’s Law: energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred. With the expansion, the majority of the energy from the shot gets dissipated into the thing what you shot. Ideally, this results in a much larger wound cavity and no exit wounds meaning the bullet stops inside the body. Chance being what it is, that doesn’t always happen exactly as planned but there it is.
To finish up here, I want to take a moment to explain what a hollow point isn’t. First off, it’s not some magical death talisman. Aside from how Hollywood likes to portray them, the person isn’t going to go flying across a room and explain if you so much as graze their shoulder. All it means is that this bullet is going to impact a bit harder and no punch all the way through someone. If it does go through, it’s probably not going to have much power after that.
It’s also not a “cop killer” round as some like to paint it. Even low end body armor is far more likely to stop a hollow point than it will an FMJ round.
Finally, barriers and such aren’t going to affect hollow points as much as you would think. First off, they need a great deal of resistance to expand which the momentary contact with a barrier just isn’t enough to cause. Mind you, it will start to expand in most cases but they’re made to fully expand via soft tissue contact. Secondly, most hollow point rounds made in the USA are meant to satisfy the FBI Ballistic Test requirements. They’re pretty extensive so I’ll just give you the Reader’s Digest version: gel penetration of a minimum of 12 to 18 inches through bare gel, heavy clothing, steel, wallboard, plywood, and glass.
Like I said in the beginning: FMJ for practice and hollow points for everyday carry and such. Does that mean you should never practice with hollow points? Heck no! You need to know how your gun is going to react with that ammunition. Guns don’t always like every bit of ammo you feed it. My XDs, for example, can’t stand the taste of Hornady Critical Defense. They cause serious jams in that gun. Haven’t had any problems with them in any other pistol, though. Put at least a box or two through your gun when practicing but, beyond that, save yourself the money at the range.
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